South Africa Archives - Page 9 of 10 - Commonwealth Oral History Project

Interview with Raja Gomez

by rcraggs | Jan 28, 2014 | Canada, Commonwealth Secretariat, Constitutional Change, Democracy, Development, Diplomacy, Elections, Fiji, Guyana, India, Namibia, Rhodesia (see also Zimbabwe), Sexuality, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Uganda, Uncategorized, United Nations, Zambia, Zimbabwe (see also Rhodesia)

Download Interview Transcript. NOTE: The respondent stipulates that, before 2018, researchers should seek permission from him before citing this interview in their work. Biography: Gomez, Raja. Head of the civil service college in Sri Lanka; Assistant Director of the...

Interview with Vic Zazeraj

by rcraggs | Jan 20, 2014 | Apartheid, Botswana, Cold War, Commonwealth Secretariat, Constitutional Change, Democracy, Elections, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Race, Rhodesia (see also Zimbabwe), South Africa, Tanzania, Uncategorized, United Kingdom, Zambia, Zimbabwe (see also Rhodesia)

Download Interview Transcript. Biography: Zazeraj, Victor. South African Foreign Service, 1974. Private Assistant to Pik Botha, 1981-1986; Consul-General in California 1986-1990; Director of the Foreign Ministry during South Africa’s time of political transition...

The Commonwealth: Crisis, Controversy and CHOGMS

by commonwealth-oral-history-project | Nov 14, 2013 | Blog, CHOGM, Commonwealth Secretariat, Diplomacy, Human Rights, India, Queen, Rhodesia (see also Zimbabwe), South Africa, Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe (see also Rhodesia)

by Dr. Sue Onslow The disastrous decision for Sri Lanka to host the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting, taken in 2009 and reaffirmed at the 2011 Perth CHOGM, has come back to bite the Commonwealth on the backside. The Canadian and Indian heads of Government have...

Interview with Richard Bourne

by rcraggs | Oct 27, 2013 | Apartheid, Australia, Canada, CHOGM, Civil Society, Climate Change, Commonwealth Institute, Commonwealth Secretariat, Democracy, Elections, European Economic Community, Fiji, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Guyana, Human Rights, India, Media, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nigeria, Race, South Africa, Uncategorized, United Kingdom, Zambia, Zimbabwe (see also Rhodesia)

Download Interview Transcript. Biography: Bourne, (Rowland) Richard. 27 July 1940- . OBE 2002. Journalist, The Guardian, 1962–72 (Education correspondent, 1968–72). Assistant Editor, New Society, 1972–77. Deputy Editor, Evening Standard, 1977–78; London Columnist,...

Interview with Sir Malcolm Rifkind

by rcraggs | Oct 26, 2013 | Apartheid, Australia, Canada, CHOGM, Civil Society, Commonwealth Secretariat, Democracy, Diplomacy, Eminent Persons Group, European Economic Community, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Human Rights, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, Queen, Rhodesia (see also Zimbabwe), Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Uncategorized, United Kingdom, United Nations, USA, Zambia, Zimbabwe (see also Rhodesia)

Download Interview Transcript: Part One (8 January 2013); Part Two (12 March 2013). Biography: Rifkind, Rt. Hon. Sir Malcolm. 1946- . KCMG 1997. PC 1986. Lectured at University of Rhodesia, 1967–68. Visiting Professor, Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities,...

Interview with Lord Hurd of Westwell

by rcraggs | Oct 26, 2013 | Apartheid, Australia, Cameroon, Canada, CHOGM, Commonwealth Secretariat, Democracy, Diplomacy, European Economic Community, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, India, Mozambique, New Zealand, Nigeria, Queen, Rhodesia (see also Zimbabwe), Singapore, South Africa, United Kingdom, Zimbabwe (see also Rhodesia)

Download Interview Transcript. Biography: Hurd, Douglas. (1930-present) House of Commons, Member of Parliament for Mid Oxon, 1974-1983. Member of Parliament for Witney, 1983-1997. Opposition Spokesman for Europe, 1976-1979. Foreign and Commonwealth office, Minister of...

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Definitioner

Number 10

‘Number 10’ refers to 10 Downing Street, the official residence of the British Prime Minister in London and the headquarters of the British Government.

UDI

Unilateral Declaration of Independence. Rhodesia’s 1965 declaration of independence without British agreement, intended to preserve white minority rule.

United Nations. Major international organisation, founded in 1945.

Westminster Abbey

An ancient church in London. The traditional venue for British coronations.

Singapore Heads of Government conference

The 1971 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was held in Singapore under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. The Singapore Declaration was issued at this summit.

Arnold Smith

Arnold Smith (1915 –1994). Canadian diplomat, the first Commonwealth Secretary-General (1965–1975).

South East Asia Security Arrangement

The Five Power Defence Arrangements (FPDA) refer to a series of bilateral agreements between Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom in 1971, establishing a defence relationship to protect Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore from external aggression.

Suez Crisis

The British-French-Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956, abandoned because of international condemnation.

Ogoni people

Ethnic group of southwest Nigeria.

Old Commonwealth

An informal term describing the countries of the pre-1945 Commonwealth: Australia, Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa.

Lester Pearson

Lester Bowles 'Mike' Pearson (1897-1972) was a Canadian diplomat and politician, serving as Secretary of State for External Affairs (1948-1957) and Prime Minister (1963-1968). In 1957 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for organising a UN Emergency Force to respond to the Suez Canal Crisis, an initiative now considered the beginning of modern peacekeeping.

Prince Philip

Prince Philip (b. 1921). Husband of Elizabeth II since 1947.

Duke of Edinburgh (Prince Philip)

Prince Philip (b. 1921). Husband of Elizabeth II since 1947.

Sonny Ramphal (Shridath Ramphal)

Shridath Surendranath 'Sonny' Ramphal (b. 1928). Guyanese politician, second Commonwealth Secretary-General (1975-1990).

Robin Renwick

Lord Renwick of Clifton (b. 1937). British diplomat. Head of Chancery, British Embassy, Washington, 1981-84; Assistant Under-Secretary of State, FCO, 1984-87; British Ambassador to South Africa, 1987-91, and to the United States, 1991-95. Author of 'Unconventional Diplomacy in Southern Africa' (Palgrave, 1997).

Reunification of Germany

In 1990 the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) joined the German Democratic republic (West Germany), ending the division of the country which had emerged after the Second World War.

Winnie Mandela

Winnie Mandela (b. 1936). South African politician, held junior ministerial office from 1994 to 1996. She was married to Nelson Mandela from 1959 until their divorce in 1996.

Margaret Thatcher Foundation

An organisation that promotes the ideas of Margaret Thatcher, founded in 1991.

Krishna Menon

VK Krishna Menon (1896-1974) was an Indian politician and diplomat, who served as India's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1947 to 1952 and Ambassador to the United Nations in New York from 1952 to 1962. He was also Defence Minister of India from 1957 to 1962.

Bob Menzies

Sir Robert Menzies (1894-1978). Australian politician, served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941, and from 1949 to 1966.

MOSOP

Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People. An organisation which campaigns for the rights of the Ogoni people of southeast Nigeria, founded in 1990.

New Zealand butter and we had the other issues, we had Caribbean sugar

British trade relationships with Commonwealth countries that proved problematic when negotiating British entry into the European Economic Community, because of its protectionist agricultural policies.

King Charles Street

King Charles Street is a central London thoroughfare, home of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

John Major

John Major (b.1943). British politician, served, amongst other ministerial positions, as Foreign Secretary (1989) and Prime Minister (1990-1997).

Alec Douglas-Home

Alec Douglas-Home (1903-1995). British politician, Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations (1955-1960), Prime Minister (1963-1964), and Foreign Secretary (1970-1974).

Geoffrey Howe

Geoffrey Howe (b. 1926). Lord Howe of Aberavon. British politician, held various Cabinet positions in Margaret Thatcher’s government including Foreign Secretary (1983-1989).

Douglas Hurd

Lord Hurd of Westall (b.1930), British politician prominent during the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major. Minister of State, Foreign & Commonwealth Office (1979-1983), where he acted as Minister for Europe, that office's inaugural holder; Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (1984-85); Home Secretary (1985-59); and Foreign Secretary (1989-95).

Simon Jenkins

Simon Jenkins (b. 1943). British journalist, editor of the Times from 1990 to 1992.

Paul Keating

Paul Keating (b. 1944). Prime Minister of Australia (1991-1996).

English Speaking Union

A British educational charity with a number of international branches, founded in 1918.

EEC

European Economic Community. An international organisation of European states, founded in 1957. Renamed the European Union in 1993.

European Union. International organisation of European states. Known as the European Economic Community before 1993.

First Gulf War

The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, and its subsequent ejection by a United States-led coalition (1990-1991).

French Revolution

A 1789 uprising that saw the overthrow of the French monarchy and ultimately the execution of the king.

Harare Declaration

The Harare Commonwealth Declaration of 1991 set out the Commonwealth's principles and values, including membership criteria. Click here to read the Declaration in full.

Ted Heath (Edward Heath)

Edward Heath (1916 –2005). British politician and Prime Minister (1970-1974).

Joe Chamberlain

Joseph Chamberlain (1936-1914). British politician, served as Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1895 to 1913.

Chanak in 1922

A crisis which saw British troops guarding a neutral zone around the Dardanelles threatened by Turkish forces. The British response revealed tensions between British and Canadian governments.

Prince of Wales (Prince Charles)

Prince Charles (b. 1948). Heir to the throne of the UK and the other territories for which the British monarch is also Head of State.

CHOGM

Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting. Every two years Commonwealth heads of government meet to discuss global and Commonwealth issues, with the aim of promoting common initiatives.

Commonwealth Institute

A Commonwealth educational organisation that was operative between 1962 and 2000. It was originally founded in 1887 as the Imperial Institute.

Commonwealth Secretariat

The Commonwealth Secretariat is the principal inter-governmental body of the Commonwealth, responsible for promoting cooperation between members. Founded in 1965.

CRD

Conservative Research Department. A branch of the British Conservative Party concerned with formulating policy, founded in 1929.

Percy Cradock

Percy Cradock (1923-2010). British diplomat.

Dominions

States that were under British sovereignty, but which became increasingly autonomous, especially from the 1930s, and are now independent nations. Former dominions include Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa.

Apartheid

A system of legally enforced racial segregation implemented and upheld by the National Party in South Africa from 1948 – 1994

Archbishop of Canterbury

Head of the worldwide Anglican communion.

Pik Botha

Roelof Botha (b. 1932).South African politician and Minister for Foreign Affairs (1977-1994).

Emeka Anyaoku

Emeka Anyaoku (b. 1933). Nigerian diplomat. Served as Head of the Commonwealth International Affairs Division (1973-1977), Assistant Secretary General (1977-1979); Deputy Secretary General (1979-1991); Secretary General (1991-2001).

Margaret Thatcher

Margaret Thatcher (1926-2013). British politician and Prime Minister (1979-1990).

Mrs Thatcher (Margaret Thatcher)

Margaret Thatcher (1926-2013). British politician and Prime Minister (1979-1990).

Interview with Raja Gomez

Interview with Vic Zazeraj

The Commonwealth: Crisis, Controversy and CHOGMS

Interview with Richard Bourne

Interview with Sir Malcolm Rifkind

Interview with Lord Hurd of Westwell

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